Public Library Service Transformation Impact on Adult Learning: Evidence from Ningbo Libraries

Abstract

This study investigates the evolving role of public libraries in adult lifelong learning, examining the transformation from traditional information provision to skill development facilitation through empirical analysis of district-level public libraries in Ningbo. Using panel data from eight district libraries (2019-2023), we employ a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of service records (n=2,450) with qualitative insights from staff interviews (n=48). The study utilizes threshold regression, mediation analysis, and difference-in-differences methodology to examine transformation effects. Results reveal significant positive effects of service transformation on learning outcomes (β = 0.435, p < 0.01), with learning engagement mediating 42.3% of this relationship. Two critical transformation thresholds were identified (0.42 and 0.76, F = 28.45 and 23.82 respectively, p < 0.01), indicating distinct implementation stages. Digital capacity significantly moderates transformation effectiveness (interaction β = 0.156, p < 0.01), with effects peaking two quarters post-implementation (β = 0.324, p < 0.01). This research provides novel empirical evidence for the effectiveness of library service transformation, identifying specific thresholds and temporal patterns in implementation effects. The findings contribute to both theoretical understanding of library evolution and practical guidance for service innovation.