Factores que influyen en compartir noticias falsas de salud online

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.may.17

Palabras clave:

Información de salud, Comunicación de salud, Noticias falsas, Noticias falsas de salud, Compartir noticias, Redes sociales, Medios sociales, Confianza, Credibilidad, Chile.

Resumen

Uno de los aspectos centrales que explica la propagación de noticias falsas en redes sociales es el hecho de que las personas las comparten con sus contactos. Este estudio es la primera investigación que, de forma longitudinal, examina las variables que de acuerdo con la bibliografí­a podrí­an revelar por qué los usuarios comparten esta información en el área de la salud. A través de dos olas aplicadas a un panel representativo de la población chilena con acceso a internet, se concluyó que hay cuatro variables que inciden en este fenómeno: 1) atención a temas de salud; 2) confianza en la información compartida por los demás; 3) confianza en los medios de comunicación; y 4) credibilidad en noticias falsas.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Claudia Montero-Liberona, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Periodista, Magister en Comunicación y Educación, y Doctora en Comunicaciones. Actualmente, me desempeño como profesora asistente en la Facultad de Comunicaciones de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Daniel Halpern, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile

Doctor en Información y Ciencias de la Comunicación. Profesor asociado de la Facultad de Comunicaciones UC, profesor del MBA UC, director Magí­ster en Comunicación Estratégica, diplomado en comunicación interna, redes sociales y del Think Tank TrenDigital (tren-digital.cl).

Citas

Allcott, Hunt; Gentzkow, Matthew (2017). "Social media and fake news in the 2016 election". Journal of economic perspectives, v. 31, n. 2, pp. 211-236. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211

Anderson, John (2009). Cognitive psychology and its implications. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. ISBN: 978 1 429219488

Andrews, Kenneth T.; Caren, Neal (2010). "Making the news: Movement organizations, media attention, and the public agenda". American sociological review, v. 75, n. 6, pp. 841-866. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386689

Arif, Nadia; Al-Jefri, Majed; Harb-Bizzi, Isabella; Boitano-Perano, Gianni; Goldman, Michel; Haq, Inam; Chua, Kee L.; Mengozzi, Manuela; Neunez, Marie; Smith, Helen; Ghezzi, Pietro (2018). "Fake news or weak science? Visibility and characterization of antivaccine webpages returned by Google in different languages and countries". Frontiers in immunology, v. 9, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01215

Arndt, Stephan; Jones, De-Shauna (2018). "Preventing sensationalistic science and fake news about substance use". Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, v. 13, n. 11, pp. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-018-0148-3

Berger, Jonah; Milkman, Katherine L. (2012). "What makes online content viral?". Journal of marketing research, v. 49, n. 2, pp. 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.10.0353

Bozzola, Elena; Spina, Giulia; Russo, Rocco; Bozzola, Mauro; Corsello, Giovanni; Villani, Alberto (2018). "Mandatory vaccinations in European countries, undocumented information, false news and the impact on vaccination uptake: The position of the Italian pediatric society". Italian journal of pediatrics, v. 44, n. 1, pp. 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0504-y

Caridad-Sebastián, Mercedes; Morales-Garcí­a, Ana-Marí­a; Martí­nez-Cardama, Sara; Garcí­a-López, Fátima (2018). "Infomediación y posverdad: El papel de las bibliotecas". El profesional de la información, v. 27, n. 4, pp. 891-898. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.17

Chaiken, Shelly (1980). "Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion". Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 39, n. 5, pp. 752-766. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.752

Dwyer, Tim; Martin, Fiona (2017). "Sharing news online. Social media news analytics and their implications for media pluralism policies". Digital journalism, v. 5, n. 8, pp. 1080-1100. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1338527

Elvestad, Eiri; Phillips, Angela; Feuerstein, Mira (2018). "Can trust in traditional news media explain cross-national differences in news exposure of young people online? A comparative study of Israel, Norway and the United Kingdom". Digital journalism, v. 6, n. 2, pp. 216-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1332484

Eveland, William P.; Thomson, Tiffany (2006). "Is it talking, thinking, or both? A lagged dependent variable model of discussion effects on political knowledge". Journal of communication, v. 56, n. 3, pp. 523-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00299.x

Fernández-Garcí­a, Nuria (2017). "Fake news: una oportunidad para la alfabetización mediática". Nueva sociedad, v. 269, pp. 66-77. https://nuso.org/media/articles/downloads/5.TC_Fernandez_269.pdf

Fletcher, Richard; Park, Sora (2017). "The impact of trust in the news media on online news consumption and participation". Digital journalism, v. 5, n 10, pp. 1281-1299. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1279979

Garcí­a-Perdomo, Ví­ctor; Salaverrí­a, Ramón; Kilgo, Danielle K.; Harlow, Summer (2018). "To share or not to share: The influence of news values and topics on popular social media content in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina". Journalism studies, v. 19, n. 8, pp. 1180-1201. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1265896

Godoy, Pere (2006). "Pandemia de gripe aviar: un nuevo desafí­o para la salud pública". Gaceta sanitaria, v. 20, n. 1, pp. 4-8. https://www.scielosp.org/article/gs/2006.v20n1/4-8

Hauke, Tobias J.; Herzig, Volker (2017). "Dangerous arachnids. Fake news or reality?". Toxicon, v. 138, pp. 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.08.024

Kari, Paul (2018). "False news stories are 70% more likely to be retweeted on Twitter than true ones". MarketWatch, 25 October. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/fake-news-spreads-more-quickly-on-twitter-than-real-news-2018-03-08

Kí¼mpel, Anna-Sophie; Karnowski, Veronika; Keyling, Till (2015). "News sharing in social media: A review of current research on news sharing users, content, and networks". Social media+society, v. 1, n. 2, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115610141

Lazer, David M. J.; Baum, Matthew A.; Benkler, Yochai; Berinsky, Adam J.; Greenhill, Kelly M.; Menczer, Filippo; Metzger, Miriam J.; Nyhan, Brendan; Pennycook, Gordon; Rothschild, David; Schudson, Michael; Sloman, Steven A.; Sunstein, Cass R.; Thorson, Emily A.; Duncan, Watts J.; Zittrain, Jonathan L. (2018). "The science of fake news". Science, v. 359, n. 6380, pp. 1094-1096. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao2998

Lee, Chei-Sian; Ma, Long (2012). "News sharing in social media: The effect of gratifications and prior experience". Computers in human behavior, v. 28, n. 2, pp. 331-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.002

Lin, Xialing; Spence, Patric R.; Lachlan, Kenneth A. (2016). "Social media and credibility indicators: The effect of influence cues". Computers in human behavior, v. 63, pp. 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.002

López-Borrull, Alexandre; Vives-Gràcia, Josep; Badell, Joan-Isidre (2018). "Fake news, ¿amenaza u oportunidad para los profesionales de la información y la documentación?". El profesional de la información, v. 27, n. 6, pp. 1346-1356. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.nov.17

Machackova, Hana; Smahel, David (2018). "The perceived importance of credibility cues for the assessment of the trustworthiness of online information by visitors of health-related websites: The role of individual factors". Telematics and informatics, v. 35, n. 5, pp. 1534-1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.03.021

Metzger, Miriam J.; Flanagin, Andrew J. (2013). "Credibility and trust of information in online environments: The use of cognitive heuristics". Journal of pragmatics, v. 59, pp. 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.07.012

Ministerio de Desarrollo Social (2018). Encuesta Casen 2017. Manual de trabajo de campo. Centro UC Encuestas y Estudios Longitudinales. http://observatorio.ministeriodesarrollosocial.gob.cl/casen-multidimensional/casen/docs/Manual_de_Trabajo_de_Campo_Casen_2017.pdf

Parra-Valero, Pablo; Oliveira, Lí­dia (2018). "Fake news: una revisión sistemática de la literatura". (OBS*) Observatorio, v. 12, n. 5, pp. 54-78. https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS12520181374

Ponce, Ana (2018). "En 2022 la mitad de las noticias serán falsas". Milenio, 15 septiembre. http://www.milenio.com/cultura/en-2022-la-mitad-de-las-noticias-seran-falsas

Rubin, Alan M.; Perse, Elizabeth M. (1987). "Audience activity and television news gratifications". Communication research, v. 14, n. 1, pp. 58-84. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365087014001004

Ruiz-Loyola, Benjamí­n (2012). "Salud pública, globalización y censura cientí­fica". TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias quí­mico-biológicas, v. 15, n. 1, pp. 37-48. http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-888X2012000100004

Shteynberg, Garriy (2015). "Shared attention". Perspectives on psychological science, v. 10, n. 5, pp. 579-590. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615589104

Sommariva, Silvia; Vamos, Cheryl; Mantzarlis, Alexios; Äào, Lillie-Uyen-Loan; Martí­nez-Tyson, Dinorah (2018). "Spreading the (fake) news: Exploring health messages on social media and the implications for health professionals using a case study". American journal of health education, v. 49, n. 4, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2018.1473178

Sundar, S. Shyam; Xu, Qian; Oeldorf-Hirsch, Anne (2009). "Authority vs. peer: How interface cues influence users". In: CHI EA´09 Extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems, pp. 4231-4236. https://doi.org/10.1145/1520340.1520645

Turcotte, Jason; York, Chance; Irving, Jacob; Scholl, Rosanne M.; Pingree, Raymond (2015). "News recommendations from social media opinion leaders: Effects on media trust and information seeking". Journal of computer"mediated communication, v. 20, n. 5, pp. 520-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12127

Vargo, Chris J.; Guo, Lei; Amazeen, Michelle A. (2018). "The agenda-setting power of fake news: A big data analysis of the online media landscape from 2014 to 2016". New media & society, v. 20, n. 5, pp. 2028-2049. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817712086

Viviani, Marco; Pasi, Gabriella (2017). "Credibility in social media: Opinions, news, and health information "”a survey". Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: Data mining and knowledge discovery, v. 7, n. 5, e1209. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1209

Vosoughi, Soroush; Mohsenvand, Mostafa; Roy, Deb (2017). "Rumor gauge: Predicting the veracity of rumors on Twitter". ACM transactions on knowledge discovery from data (TKDD), v. 11, n. 4, pp. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1145/3070644

Wang, Zuoming; Walther, Joseph B.; Pingree, Suzanne; Hawkins, Robert P. (2008). "Health information, credibility, homophily, and influence via the internet: Web sites versus discussion groups". Health communication, v. 23, n. 4, pp. 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230802229738

Waszak, Przemyslaw M.; Kasprzycka-Waszak, Wioleta; Kubanek, Alicja (2018). "The spread of medical fake news in social media. The pilot quantitative study". Health policy and technology, v. 7, n. 2, pp. 115-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2018.03.002

Wise, Kevin; Bolls, Paul D.; Schaefer, Samantha R. (2008). "Choosing and reading online news: How available choice affects cognitive processing". Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, v. 52, n. 1, pp. 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150701820858

Descargas

Publicado

2019-07-02

Cómo citar

Montero-Liberona, C., & Halpern, D. (2019). Factores que influyen en compartir noticias falsas de salud online. Profesional De La información Information Professional, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.may.17

Número

Sección

Artí­culos de investigación / Research articles