Fanfictions as collaborative writing: Models of beta readers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.jul.04

Keywords:

Fanfictions, Fics, Reading, Readers, Beta readers, Creative writing, Learning, Literary education, Transmedia narrative, Fandom, Participative culture.

Abstract

Given the formative and playful potential of the new literate practices developed in digital environments and, specifically, fanfictions, 321 beta readers of the fanfiction.net platform have been analyzed in this work. In the readers´ profiles we have been able to know general characteristics such as sex, age or country of residence. As well as the strengths, weaknesses, textual preferences that these beta readers expose. All this has allowed us to explore the interactions that are established between writers and their beta readers. In addition, five collaboration models of beta readers have been extracted. Finally, it has been proven that these are unique opportunities for the development of reading, writing and literary skills in informal settings.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aparici, Roberto; Osuna-Acebo, Sara (2013). "La cultura de la participación". Mediterranean journal of communication, v. 4, n. 6, pp. 137-148. https://doi.org/10.14198/MEDCOM2013.4.2.07

Barnes, Jennifer L. (2015). "Fanfiction as imaginary play: What fan-written stories can tell us about the cognitive science of fiction". Poetics, v. 48, pp. 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2014.12.004

Bisquerra-Alzina, Rafael (2016). Metodologí­a de la investigación educativa. Madrid: La Muralla. ISBN: 978 84 71337481

Black, Rebecca W. (2008). Adolescents and online fan fiction. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN: 978 0 8204 9738 9

Campbell, Julie-Ann; Aragon, Cecilia; Davis, Katie; Evans, Sarah; Evans, Abigail; Randall, David P. (2016). "Thousands of positive reviews: distributed mentoring in online fan communities". In: Gergle, Darren; Morris, Meredith R. Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conf on computer-supported cooperative work & social computing. New York: ACM, pp. 691-704. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048

Casacuberta, David (2003). Creación colectiva. En internet el creador es el público. Barcelona: Gedisa. ISBN: 978 84 74329285

Cassany, Daniel (2010). "Leer y escribir al margen de la ley". En: Cilelij. I Congreso iberoamericano de lengua y literatura infantil y juvenil. Actas y memoria del congreso. Madrid: Fundación SM/ Ministerio de Cultura de España, pp. 497-514. ISBN: 84 352 40516578 https://www.academia.edu/7130732/Leer_y_escribir_literatura_al_margen_de_la_ley

Cassany, Daniel (2012). En_lí­nea. Leer y escribir en la Red. Barcelona: Anagrama. ISBN: 978 84 339 3396 6

Cohen, Louis; Manion, Lawrence (1990). Métodos de investigación educativa. Madrid: La Muralla. ISBN: 978 84 71335654

Coppa, Francesca (2014). "Pop cultre, fans, and social media". In: Hunsiger, Jeremy; Senft, Theresa M. The social media handbook. London: Routledge. ISBN: 978 0 415 88680 2

Coppola, Brian P. (2015). "Book and media recommendations: Stories, style, and a few study breaks". Journal of chemical education, v. 92, n. 7, pp. 1140-1142. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00359

Evans, Sarah; Davis, Katie; Evans, Abigail; Campbell, Julie; Randall, David; Yin, Kodlee; Aragon, Cecilia (2017). "More than peer production: Fanfiction communities as sites of distributed mentoring". In: Lee, Charlotte; Poltrock, Steve. CSCW´17 Procs of the 2017 ACM Conf on computer supported cooperative work and social computing. New York: ACM, pp. 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998342

Fathallah, Judith M. (2017). Fanfiction and the author. How fanfic changes popular cultural texts. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN: 978 9089649959

FGEE (2018). Hábitos de lectura y compra de libros en España 2017. Madrid: Federación de Gremios de Editores de España. http://federacioneditores.org/img/documentos/HabitosLecturaCompraLibros2017.pdf

Garcí­a-Galera, Marí­a-del-Carmen; Fernández-Muñoz, Cristóbal (2016). Si lo vives, lo compartes. Cómo se comunican los jóvenes en un mundo digital. Barcelona: Ariel. ISBN: 978 84 08 15993 3 https://www.fundaciontelefonica.com/arte_cultura/publicaciones-listado/pagina-item-publicaciones/itempubli/499

Garcí­a-Roca, Anastasio (2016). "Prácticas lectoras en espacios de afinidad: formas participativas en la cultura digital". Ocnos: Revista de estudios sobre lectura, v. 15, n. 1, pp. 42-51. https://doi.org/10.18239/ocnos_2016.15.1.979

Gee, James-Paul (2004). Situated language and learning. A critique of traditional schooling. New York: Routledge. ISBN: 0 203 30964 2 http://networkedlearningcollaborative.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/james-paul-gee-situated-language-and-learning-a-critique-of-traditional-schooling-2004.pdf

Gee, James-Paul; Hayes, Elisabeth R. (2011). Language and learning in the digital age. New York: Routledge. ISBN: 978 0 415602778

Genette, Gerard (1989). Palimpsestos: la literatura en segundo grado. Altea: Taurus. ISBN: 978 84 30621958

Guerrero-Pico, Mar (2014a). "Producción y lectura de fan fiction en la comunidad online de la serie Fringe: transmedialidad, competencia y alfabetización mediática". Palabra clave, v. 18, n. 3, pp. 722-745. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2015.18.3.5

Guerrero-Pico, Mar (2014b). "Webs televisivas y sus usuarios: un lugar para la narrativa transmedia. Los casos de "˜Águila Roja´ y "˜Juego de Tronos´ en España". Comunicación y sociedad, n. 21, pp. 239-267. http://comunicacionysociedad.cucsh.udg.mx/index.php/comsoc/article/view/578

Guerrero-Pico, Mar (2015). Historias más allá de lo filmado: Fan fiction y narrativa transmedia en series de televisión. Tesis doctoral. Barcelona: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. https://repositori.upf.edu/handle/10230/26921

Hellekson, Karen (2009). "A fannish field of value: Online fan gift culture". Cinema journal, v. 48, n. 4, pp. 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1353/cj.0.0140

Jenkins, Henry (2008). Convergence culture: la cultura de la convergencia de los medios de comunicación. Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN: 978 84 493 2153 5

Jenkins, Henry (2009). Fans, blogueros y videojuegos. La cultura de la colaboración. Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN: 978 84 49322587

Knobel, Michelle; Lankshear, Colin (2006). "Digital literacy and digital literacies: Policy, pedagogy and research considerations for education". Nordic journal of digital literacy, v. 1, pp. 12-24. https://www.idunn.no/dk/2006/01/digital_literacy_and_digital_literacies_-_policy_pedagogy_and_research_cons

Lammers, Jayne C.; Marsh, Valerie L. (2018). "A writer more than"¦ a child": A longitudinal study examining adolescent writer identity. Writter communication, v. 35, n. 1, pp. 89-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741088317735835

Lankshear, Colin; Knobel, Michelle (2008). Nuevos alfabetismos. Su práctica cotidiana y el aprendizaje en el aula. Madrid: Morata. ISBN: 978 84 7112 520 0

Lévy, Pierre (2004). Inteligencia colectiva: por una antropologí­a del ciberespacio. Washington DC: Organización Panamericana de la Salud. ISBN: 2707126934 http://inteligenciacolectiva.bvsalud.org/public/documents/pdf/es/inteligenciaColectiva.pdf

Lluch, Gemma (2014). "Jóvenes y adolescentes hablan de lectura en la red". Ocnos: Revista de estudios sobre lectura, n. 11, pp. 7-20. https://doi.org/10.18239/ocnos_2014.11.01

McMillan, James H.; Schumacher, Sally (2005). Investigación educativa. Madrid: Pearson. ISBN: 978 84 832 2687 2

Nielsen, Jakob (2006). "The 90-9-1 rule for participation inequality in social media and online communities". Nielsen Norman Group, 9 October. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/participation-inequality

Olin-Scheller, Christina; Wikstrí¶m, Patrik (2010). "Literary prosumers: Young people´s reading and writing". Education inquiry, v. 1, n. 1, pp. 41-56. https://doi.org/10.3402/edui.v1i1.21931

Rovira-Collado, José (2017). "Booktrailer y booktuber como herramientas LIJ 2.0 para el desarrollo del hábito lector". Investigaciones sobre lectura, n. 7, pp. 55-72. http://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/62755

Schí¤fer, Mirko-Tobias (2011). Bastard culture! How user participation transforms cultural production. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN: 978 90 8964 256 1 http://mtschaefer.net/media/uploads/docs/Schaefer_Bastard-Culture_2011.pdf

Scolari, Carlos A. (2013). Narrativas transmedia: Cuando todos los medios cuentan. Barcelona: Deusto. ISBN: 978 84 234 1336 2

Scolari, Carlos A. (2016). "El translector. Lectura y narrativas transmedia en la nueva ecologí­a de la comunicación". En: Millán, José-Antonio. La lectura en España. Informe 2017. Madrid: Federación de Gremios de Editores de España, pp. 175-186. ISBN: 978 84 86141 61 5 https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5803284

Scolari, Carlos A.; Lugo-Rodrí­guez, Nohemi; Masanet, Maria-José (2019). "Educación transmedia. De los contenidos generados por los usuarios a los contenidos generados por los estudiantes". Revista latina de comunicación social, n. 74, pp. 116-132. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1324

Scott, Suzanne (2015). "The moral economy of crowdfunding and the transformative capacity of fan-ancing". New media and society, v. 17, n. 2, pp. 167-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814558908

Siemens, George (2004). "Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age". Internacional journal of instructional technology & distance learning, v. 2, n. 1. https://writix.co.uk/blog/connectivism-a-learning-theory-for-the-digital-age

Van-Dijk, José (2009). "Users like you? Theorizing agency in user-generated content". Media culture and society, v. 31, n. 1, pp. 41-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443708098245

Warlick, David (2009). "Grow your personal learning network: New technologies can keep you connected and help you manage information overload". Learning & leading with technology, v. 36, n. 6, pp. 12-16.

Published

2019-05-05

How to Cite

Garcí­a-Roca, A. (2019). Fanfictions as collaborative writing: Models of beta readers. Profesional De La información, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.jul.04