Communication of European populist leaders on Twitter: Agenda setting and the "˜more is less´ effect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.nov.03Keywords:
Political communication, Populism, Social media, Twitter, Agenda-setting, Leadership.Abstract
The populist phenomenon has acquired great relevance during the last decade. The emergence of new populist actors and the consolidation of the use of social media such as Twitter are transforming the field of political communication. The objective of this paper is to know the agenda set by the leaders of the main European populist political parties on Twitter, as well as the strategy they use and the user interaction achieved. The sample consists of the 2,310 tweets published by the leaders of Podemos, the 5 Stelle Movement, France´s National Front and UKIP during three random time periods. The results show a low degree of thematic fragmentation, the launch of proposals instead of attracting voters, and the existence of a strong negative correlation between the number of published tweets and user interest.
Downloads
References
Alonso-Muñoz, Laura; Marcos-García, Silvia; Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2016). "Political leaders in (inter) action. Twitter as a strategic communication tool in electoral campaigns". Trípodos, n. 39, pp. 71-90. http://www.tripodos.com/index.php/Facultat_Comunicacio_Blanquerna/article/view/381
Bartlett, Jamie (2014). "Populism, social media and democratic strain". In: Clara Sandelind (ed.). European populism and winning the immigration debate. Falun: Scandbook, pp. 99-116. ISBN: 978 91 87379 22 2 https://fores.se/populism/
Bennet, W. Lance; Manheim, Jarol B. (2006). "The one-step flow of communication". Annals of the American Academy Political & Social Science, v. 608, n. 1, pp. 213-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716206292266
Berganza-Conde, María-Rosa (2008). "Medios de comunicación, "espiral del cinismo" y desconfianza política. Estudio de caso de la cobertura mediática de los comicios electorales europeos". ZER-Revista de estudios de comunicación, v. 13, n. 25, pp. 121-139. http://www.ehu.eus/ojs/index.php/Zer/article/view/3580
Block, Elena; Negrine, Ralph (2017). "The populist communication style: Toward a critical framework". International journal of communication, v. 11, pp. 178-197. http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5820
Cammaerts, Bart (2012). "Protest logic and the mediation opportunity structure". European journal of communication, v. 27, n. 2, pp. 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323112441007
Casero-Ripollés, Andreu; Feenstra, Ramón A.; Tormey, Simon (2016). "Old and new media logics in an electoral campaign. The case of Podemos and the two-way street mediatization of politics". The international journal of press/politics, v. 21, n. 3, pp. 378-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161216645340
Casero-Ripollés, Andreu; Sintes-Olivella, Marí§al; Franch, Pere (2017). "The populist political communication style in action: Podemos´s issues and functions on Twitter during the 2016 Spanish general election". American behavioral scientist, v. 61, n. 9, pp. 986-1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217707624
Colleoni, Elanor; Rozza, Alessandro; Arvidsson, Adam (2014). "Echo chamber or public sphere? Predicting political orientation and measuring political homophily in Twitter using big data". Journal of communication, v. 64, n. 2, pp. 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12084
Elmer, Greg (2013). "Live research: Twittering an election debate". New media & society, v. 15, n. 1, pp. 18-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812457328
Engesser, Sven; Ernst, Nicole; Esser, Frank; Bí¼chel, Florin (2017). "Populism and social media. How politicians spread a fragmented ideology". Information, communication & society, v. 20, n. 8, pp. 1109-1126. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1207697
Engesser, Sven; Fawzi, Nayla; Larsson, Anders-Olof (2017). "Populist online communication: Introduction to the special issue". Information, communication & society, v. 20, n. 9, pp. 1279-1292. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328525
Enli, Gunn (2017). "Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: Exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election". European journal of communication, v. 32, n. 1, pp. 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802
Enli, Gunn; Skogerbí¸, Eli (2013). "Personalized campaigns in party-centred politics: Twitter and Facebook as arenas for political communication". Information, communication & society, v. 16, n. 5, pp. 757-774. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.782330
Ernst, Nicole; Engesser, Sven; Esser, Frank (2017). "Bipolar populism? The use of anti-elitism and people-centrism by Swiss parties on social media". Swiss political science review, v. 23, n. 3, pp. 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12264
Fuchs, Christian (2017). "Donald Trump: A critical theory-perspective on authoritarian capitalism". tripleC: communication, capitalism & critique, v. 15, n. 1, pp. 1-72. https://triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/835/0
Galán-García, María (2017). "The 2016 Republican primary campaign on Twitter: Issues and ideological positioning for the profiles of Ben Carson, Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, and Donald Trump". El profesional de la información, v. 26, n. 5, pp. 850-858. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.07
Gerbaudo, Paolo (2014). "Populism 2.0". In: Trottier, Daniel; Fuchs, Christian (eds.). Social media, politics and the state: Protests, revolutions, riots, crime and policing in the age of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Nueva York: Routledge, pp. 16-67. ISBN: 978 0415749091
Groshek, Jacob; Engelbert, Jiska (2013). "Double differentiation in a cross-national comparison of populist political movements and online media uses in the United States and the Netherlands". New media & society, v. 15, n. 2, pp. 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812450685
Igartua-Perosanz, Juan-José (2006). Métodos cuantitativos de investigación en comunicación. Barcelona: Bosch. ISBN: 978 8497902717
Jacobs, Kristof; Spierings, Niels (2016). Social media, parties, and political inequalities. Nueva York: Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN: 978 1 137 53390 6
Jagers, Jan; Walgrave, Stefaan (2007). "Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties´ discourse in Belgium". European Journal of Political Research, v. 46, n.3, pp. 319-345.
Jamieson, Kathleen-Hall; Cappella, Joseph N. (2008). Echo chamber: Rush Limbaugh and the conservative media establishment. Nueva York: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0195366824
Jungherr, Andreas (2014). "The logic of political coverage on Twitter: Temporal dynamics and content". Journal of communication, v. 64, n. 2, pp. 239-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12087
Larsson, Anders-Olof (2015). "Comparing to prepare: Suggesting ways to study social media today"”and tomorrow". Social media & society, v. 1, n. 1, pp. 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115578680
Lee, Jayeon; Xu, Weiai (2018). "The more attacks, the more retweets: Trump´s and Clinton´s agenda setting on Twitter". Public relation review, v. 44, n. 2, pp. 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.10.002
López-García, Guillermo (2016). ""˜Nuevos´ y "˜viejos´ liderazgos: la campaña de las elecciones generales españolas de 2015 en Twitter". Communication & society, v. 29, n. 3, pp. 149-168. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.3.sp.149-167
López-Meri, Amparo; Marcos-García, Silvia; Casero-RiÂpollés, Andreu (2017). "What do politicians do on Twitter? Functions and communication strategies in the Spanish electoral campaign of 2016". El profesional de la información, v. 26, n. 5, pp. 795-804. http://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.02
Mammone, Andrea (2009). "The eternal return? Faux populism and contemporarization of neo-fascism across Britain, France and Italy". Journal of contemporary european studies, v. 17, n. 2, pp. 171-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782800903108635
Marcos-García, Silvia; Alonso-Muñoz, Laura; Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2017). "Usos ciudadanos de Twitter en eventos políticos relevantes. La #SesiónDeInvestidura de Pedro Sánchez". Comunicación y hombre, n. 13, pp. 25-49. http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/handle/10234/166238
Mazzoleni, Gianpietro; Sfardini, Anna (2009). Politica pop. Da "˜Porta a porta´ a "˜L´isola dei famosi´. Bolonia: Il Mulino. ISBN: 8815132732
Mudde, Cas (2004). "The populist zeitgeist". Government and opposition, v. 39, n. 4, pp. 541-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
Mudde, Cas (2016). "Europe´s populist surge: A long time in the making". Foreign affairs, n. 95, pp. 25-30. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/europe/2016-10-17/europe-s-populist-surge
Patterson, Thomas (1993). Out of Order. How to decline the political parties and the growing power of the news media undermine the American way of electing presidents. Nueva York: Knopf.
Rooduijn, Matthijs (2015). "The rise of the populist radical right in Western Europe". European view, v. 14, n. 1, pp. 3-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12290-015-0347-5
Schmitt, Carl (ed. orig. 1927, 2005). Concepto de lo político. Madrid: Alianza. ISBN: 420629200
Shoemaker, Pamela J.; Vos, Timothy (2009). Gatekeeping theory. Nueva York: Routledge. ISBN: 0415981387
Strandberg, Kim (2008). "Online electoral competition in different settings: A comparative meta-analysis of the research on party websites and online electoral competition". Party politics, v. 14, n. 2, pp. 223-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807085891
Strí¶mbí¤ck, Jesper (2007). "Political marketing and professionalized campaigning: A conceptual analysis". Journal of political marketing, v. 6, n. 2-3, pp. 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1300/J199v06n02_04
Strí¶mbí¤ck, Jesper; Aalberg, Toril (2008). "Election news coverage in democratic corporatist countries: A comparative study of Sweden and Norway". Scandinavian political studies, v. 31, n. 1, pp. 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2008.00197.x
Strí¶mbí¤ck, Jesper; Dimitrova, Daniela (2006). "Political and media systems matter: A comparision of election news coverage in Sweden and the United States". The international journal of press/politics, v. 11, n. 4, pp. 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X06293549
Stromer-Galley, Jennifer (2014). Presidential campaigning in the internet age. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0199731942
Vaccari, Cristian (2008). "Surfing to the í‰lysée: The internet in the 2007 French elections". French politics, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200139
Vaccari, Cristian; Valeriani, Augusto (2015). "Follow the leader! Direct and indirect flows of political communication during the 2013 Italian general election campaign". New media & society, v. 17, n. 7, pp. 1025-1042. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813511038
Van-Kessel, Stijn; Castelein, Remco (2016). "Shifting the blame: Populist politicians´ use of Twitter as a tool of opposition". Journal of contemporary European research, v. 12, n. 2, pp. 594-614. https://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/709
Vergeer, Maurice; Hermans, Liesbeth; Sams, Steven (2013). "Online social networks and micro-blogging in political campaigning: The exploration of a new campaign tool and a new campaign style". Party politics, v. 19, n. 3, pp. 477-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068811407580
Wodak, Ruth (2015). The politics of fear: What right-wing populist discourses mean. Londres: Sage. ISBN: 1446247007
Zugasti, Ricardo; Pérez, Javier (2016). "Los temas de campaña en Twitter de @PPopular y @ahorapodemos para las elecciones europeas de 2014". adComunica, n. 12, pp. 205-223. https://doi.org/10.6035/2174-0992.2016.12.12
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Dissemination conditions of the articles once they are published
Authors can freely disseminate their articles on websites, social networks and repositories
However, the following conditions must be respected:
- Only the editorial version should be made public. Please do not publish preprints, postprints or proofs.
- Along with this copy, a specific mention of the publication in which the text has appeared must be included, also adding a clickable link to the URL: http://www.profesionaldelainformacion.com
- Only the final editorial version should be made public. Please do not publish preprints, postprints or proofs.
- Along with that copy, a specific mention of the publication in which the text has appeared must be included, also adding a clickable link to the URL: http://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com
Profesional de la información journal offers the articles in open access with a Creative Commons BY license.