Young Digital Citizens: Perception of their Media and Transmedia Competence

Abstract

The development of media and digital competences among the new generations is a requirement for their democratic
participation in today's technological society. This article takes an approach to young people's perception of their own
media competence, based on their comments on the use and sense of consumption of social media. The results of 14
focus groups (N= 83) of young people from three Spanish regions between 12 and 18 years of age are presented. Based
on two theoretical models, a content analysis considering gender and age was carried out using Atlas.Ti software. The
results indicate a greater presence of the Interaction dimension among girls and of Production and Dissemination
among boys, and in general a familiarisation with preventive measures on safety on the networks and a review of the
media diet, up to the age of 12-13. The adolescents themselves identify how, from this age onwards, the use of social
networks is amplified and point out difficulties in self-management well into the university stage (18 years old).
Although the participants show a high level of knowledge of social media marketing strategies and influencers'
"authenticity" tactics, they recognise that they are driven by the search for entertainment and a need for approval from
their peers in the digital space. Based on the results, we identify the need for further research in the period between
12-13 and 14-16 years of age in relation to the paradox between adolescents' conviction of their expertise in certain
dimensions of media competence and their poorly reflective and critical consumption.