Exploration of the nonprofessional profile of the fashion micro instagramer in Spain
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.39Keywords:
Social media, Social networks, Instagram, Instagramers, Fashion, Influencers, Micro influencers, Macro influencers, EngagementAbstract
The evolution of social networks in general, and Instagram in particular, has led to the emergence and proliferation of digital influencers, a figure that has taken over from fashion bloggers and managed to capture the attention of communication professionals in the sector due to their potential to generate engagement with their public. The objective of the present research is to determine the profile of micro fashion influencers, their casuistics, and the protocols of action that they use when managing their Instagram accounts. For this, qualitative research was carried out through a semistructured interview of a sample selected using the nonprobabilistic snowball technique. Specifically, between May and June 2018, fieldwork was carried out with a group of ten fashion micro instagramers in Spain, analyzing four research questions regarding how micro instagramers interact with and their relationship with brands and communication companies, the nature of their publications, and their motivations for being active on the mentioned social network. The responses of the micro instagramers, with a combined audience of 240,439 followers, suggest that their nonprofessional profile is characterized by the absence of collaboration agreements and minimum economic remuneration. In addition, they are aware of their technical deficiencies when creating and editing their posts.
Downloads
References
Adecec (2016). Trabajar con influencers. Fórmulas para una relación eficaz. http://www.adecec.com/pdf/adecec_presenta_la_guia_%E2%80%9Ctrabajar_con_influencers._formulas_para_una_relacion_eficaz%E2%80%9D_.pdf
Antevenio (2018). "Top ten: influencers de moda en Instagram". Antevenio, 2 febrero. https://www.antevenio.com/blog/2018/02/influencers-de-moda-en-instagram
Audrezet, Alice; De-Kerviler, Gwarlann; Moulard, Julie-Guidry (2018). "Authenticity under threat: When social media influencers need to go beyond self-presentation". Journal of business research, v. 45, pp. 170-172. https://doi.org/10.15444/GFMC2017.03.01.05
Augure (2015). Estatus y prácticas de las relaciones con influencers en 2015. https://bit.ly/2Ln4qgc
Boyd, Sara (2016). "How Instagram micro influencers are changing your mind one sponsored post at a time". Forbes, 28 June. https://bit.ly/2DCjm95
Brown, Danny; Fiorella, Sam (2013). Influence marketing. Indianapolis (USA): Que publishing. ISBN: 978 0 789751041
Castelló-Martínez, Araceli (2018). "Campañas publicitarias exitosas y tendencias publicitarias: una relación simbiótica". En: Creative industries global conference: Libro de actas. Universidad de Alicante, pp. 293-309. ISBN: 978 84 617 9387 7 https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6301582
Cea D´Ancona, María-Ángeles (2004). Métodos de encuesta. Teoría y práctica, errores y mejora. Madrid: Síntesis. ISBN: 978 84 97562508
Cisco (2015). "Cisco visual networking index predicts IP traffic to triple from 2014-2019; Growth drivers include increasing mobile access, demand for video services". The network, 27 May. https://bit.ly/2beouQc
Cosenza, Tracy-Ricman; Solomon, Michael R.; Kwon, Wi-Suk (2015). "Credibility in the blogosphere: A study of measurement and influence of wine blogs as an information source". Journal of consumer behaviour, v. 14, n. 2, pp. 71-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1496
De-Aguilera-Moyano, Joaquín; Baños-González, Miguel; Ramírez-Perdiguero, Francisco-Javier (2016). "Los mensajes híbridos en el marketing posmoderno: una propuesta de taxonomía". Icono 14, v. 14, n. 1, pp. 26-57. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v14i1.890
Del-Pino-Romero, Cristina; Castelló-Martínez, Araceli (2017). "La estrategia publicitaria basada en influencers. El caso de SmartGirl by Samsung". En: Castelló-Martínez, Araceli; Del-Pino-Romero, Cristina (coords.). Publicidad y convergencia mediática. Nuevas estrategias de comunicación persuasiva. Sevilla: Egregius Ediciones, pp. 116-146. ISBN: 978 84 946978 6 9 http://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/69329
Díaz-Soloaga, Carmen (2018). "Ejemplos de micro influencers, todo lo que necesitas saber sobre ellos". Social media pymes, 6 marzo. https://www.socialmediapymes.com/ejemplos-de-micro influencers-estudio
Duffy, Broke-Erin; Hund, Emily (2015). ""˜Having it all´ on social media: Entrepreneurial femininity and self-branding among fashion bloggers". Social media+ society, v. 1, n. 2, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115604337
Establés, María-José; Guerrero-Pico, Mar; Contreras-Espinosa, Ruth S. (2019). "Jugadores, escritores e influencers en redes sociales: procesos de profesionalización entre adolescentes". Revista latina de comunicación social, n. 74, pp. 214-236. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1328
Fernández-de-Córdova, Isabel (2017). Comunicar la moda en internet: medios, marcas, influencias y usuarios. Barcelona: Editorial UOC. ISBN: 978 84 91168591
Findlay, Rosie (2015). "The short, passionate, and close-knit history of personal style blogs". Fashion theory, v. 19, n. 2, pp. 157-178. https://doi.org/10.2752/175174115X14168357992319
García, í“scar (2018). "Micro influencers: ¿Cómo trabajar con ellos?". Lift improving business, 30 mayo. https://bit.ly/2DCkhGz
Gilbert, Susan (2018). "Know the difference between micro and macro influencer marketing". Personal branding blog, 27 April. https://www.personalbrandingblog.com/know-difference-micro-macro-influencer-marketing
Hall, John (2016). "The influencer marketing gold rush is coming: Are you prepared?". Forbes, 17 April. https://bit.ly/2ZFo0wk
Hatton, Georgia (2018). Micro influencers vs macro influencers. Social media today, 13 February. https://bit.ly/2Gt5vkz
Hearn, Alison (2008). "Meat, mask, burden: Probing the contours of the branded "˜self´". Journal of consumer culture, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 197-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540508090086
H2H Agencia (2017). "El fraude en la publicidad en Instagram". H2H, 12 julio. https://humantohuman.es/el-fraude-de-la-publicidad-en-instagram
IAB Spain (2018). Estudio anual de redes sociales 2018. https://iabspain.es/estudio/estudio-anual-de-redes-sociales-2018
IAB Spain (2019). Estudio anual de redes sociales 2019. https://iabspain.es/estudio/estudio-anual-de-redes-sociales-2019
Kasitoko (2017). "¿Cómo diferenciar influencers, micro influencers y celebrities?". Kasitoko.com. https://kasitoko.com/como-diferenciar-influencers-micro-influencers-y-celebrities
Launchmetrics (2017). Informe sobre el estatus del marketing de influencers 2017. https://www.launchmetrics.com/es/recursos/whitepapers/informe-marketing-influencers-2017
Launchmetrics (2018). Estatus del marketing de influencers en la moda, el lujo y la cosmética 2018. https://www.launchmetrics.com/es/recursos/whitepapers/informe-marketing-de-influencers-2018
Launchmetrics (2019). The state of influencer marketing 2019. A special focus on fashion, luxury & cosmetics. https://www.launchmetrics.com/landing/influencer-marketing-report-2019
Marwick, Alice E.; Boyd, Danah (2010). "I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience". New media & society, v. 13, n. 1, pp. 114-133. http://www.tiara.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Marwick_boyd_TweetHonestly.pdf
Nielsen (2015). Informe. Así confiamos en la publicidad. https://bit.ly/2PxcUF3
Ochoa, Carlos (2015). "Muestreo no probabilístico: muestreo por bola de nieve". Netquest, 30 junio. https://bit.ly/2LGuC9K
Orihuela, José-Luis (2015). "Los nuevos paradigmas de la comunicación". Chasqui. Revista latinoamericana de comunicación, n. 77, pp. 10-13. https://doi.org/10.16921/chasqui.v0i77.1416
Pedroni, Marco (2015). ""˜Stumbling on the heels of my blog´: Career, forms of capital, and strategies in the (sub) field of fashion blogging". Fashion theory, v. 19, n. 2, pp. 179-199. https://doi.org/10.2752/175174115X14168357992355
Pedroni, Marco (2016). "Meso-celebrities, fashion and the media: How digital influencers struggle for visibility". Film, fashion & consumption, v. 5, n. 1, pp. 103-121. https://doi.org/10.1386/ffc.5.1.103_1
Pedroni, Marco; Sádaba, Teresa; SanMiguel, Patricia (2017). "Is the golden era of fashion blogs over? An analysis of the Italian and Spanish fields of fashion blogging". In: Mora, Emmanuela; Pedroni, Marco (eds.). Fashion tales. Feeding the imaginary. Bern: Peter Lang, pp. 105-124. ISBN: 978 3 034327879
Pérez-Curiel, Concha; Clavijo-Ferreira, Lucía (2017). "Comunicación y social media en las empresas de moda". Prisma social, n. 18, pp. 226-258. https://revistaprismasocial.es/article/view/1440
Pérez-Curiel, Concha; Luque-Ortiz, Sergio (2017). "El marketing de influencia en moda. Estudio del nuevo modelo de consumo en Instagram de los millennials universitarios". AdComunica, n. 15, pp. 255-281. https://doi.org/10.6035/2174-0992.2018.15.13
Pérez-Curiel, Concha; Sanz-Marcos, Paloma (2019). "Estrategia de marca, influencers y nuevos públicos en la comunicación de moda y lujo. Tendencia Gucci en Instagram". Prisma social, n. 24. https://revistaprismasocial.es/article/view/2826
Posner, Harriet (2016). Marketing de moda. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili. ISBN: 978 84 25223761
Rocamora, Agnes; Bartlett, Djurdja (2009). "Fashion blogs: New spaces in fashion discourse". Sociétés, v. 104, n. 2, pp. 105-114.
Ruiz-Molina, Encarna (2013). "Los blogs de moda en España: de la espontaneidad del usuario a la profesión de blogger". RUTA: Revista universitària de treballs acadèmics, n. 5, pp. 1-25. https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Ruta/article/view/275935
SanMiguel, Patricia; Sádaba, Teresa (2019). "Consumo de información de moda entre los millennials". Prisma social, n. 24, pp. 186-206. https://revistaprismasocial.es/article/view/2840
Socialbakers (2019). Mast-know influencer marketing trends. https://www.socialbakers.com/blog/must-know-influencer-trends-for-2019-the-complete-report
Social Publi (2018). I Estudio de anunciantes con influencers. http://recursos.anuncios.com/files/1028/24.pdf
Van-Dijck, José (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 0 199970780
Wolfson, Courtney (2017). "Macro vs. micro influencers". Revolution digital, 30 January. https://www.revolutiondigital.com/article/macro-vs-micro-influencers
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Dissemination conditions of the articles once they are published
Authors can freely disseminate their articles on websites, social networks and repositories
However, the following conditions must be respected:
- Only the editorial version should be made public. Please do not publish preprints, postprints or proofs.
- Along with this copy, a specific mention of the publication in which the text has appeared must be included, also adding a clickable link to the URL: http://www.profesionaldelainformacion.com
- Only the final editorial version should be made public. Please do not publish preprints, postprints or proofs.
- Along with that copy, a specific mention of the publication in which the text has appeared must be included, also adding a clickable link to the URL: http://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com
Profesional de la información journal offers the articles in open access with a Creative Commons BY license.