Percepción de las noticias falsas en universitarios de Portugal: análisis de su consumo y actitudes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.may.15Palabras clave:
Fake news, Noticias falsas, Desinformación, Consumo de información, Actitudes, Percepciones, Opiniones, Jóvenes, Estudiantes, Enseñanza superior, Portugal.Resumen
Las noticias falsas, también conocidas como fake news, representan una parte significativa de uno de los problemas más complejos en el marco de la circulación de información en la sociedad contemporánea: la desinformación. A pesar de no ser un fenómeno nuevo, su importancia y las posibles consecuencias sociales y políticas de su difusión por internet han sido ampliamente discutidas, especialmente, en los últimos dos años. Los jóvenes son uno de los grupos más expuestos a esta realidad, si tenemos en cuenta la presencia de la tecnología de la comunicación en su día a día. En este artículo revisamos la bibliografía relacionada con la desinformación y analizamos la ya larga relación entre las noticias falsas y el periodismo, con especial hincapié en las particularidades de la situación actual. Siguiendo el método cuantitativo, hemos utilizado un cuestionario para analizar la percepción de 602 jóvenes estudiantes portugueses de entre 17 y 25 años sobre las noticias falsas. Los resultados revelan que se trata de un grupo habituado a consumir información online, y que ya ha entrado en contacto con lo que consideran noticias falsas. Sin embargo, existen diferentes concepciones —en ocasiones, equivocadas— de la expresión fake news. Así pues, este estudio subraya la importancia de la alfabetización mediática y, más concretamente, de la credibilidad, de contrastar la información online y de la actual dinámica de la información.
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