Desórdenes informativos: sobreexpuestos e infrainformados en la era de la posverdad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.may.02Palabras clave:
Desórdenes informativos, Posverdad, Desinformación, Noticias falsas, Hechos alternativos, Deepfakes, Desinformación corporativa, Guerra a la ciencia.Resumen
Los desórdenes informativos (desinformación, fake news, hechos alternativos, posverdad, deepfakes, etc.) son producciones intencionales cuya estrategia consiste en la fabricación de la duda y falsas controversias con el fin de conseguir beneficios económicos o ideológicos. Los desórdenes informativos están interrelacionados entre sí y dependen, de forma necesaria, de las tecnologías post Internet, lo que ha modificado la naturaleza misma de la comunicación interpersonal colectiva. Los desórdenes desinformativos tienen su origen y bases en distintas causas que han facilitado su desarrollo, alcance e impacto actual sin precedentes: a) la guerra contra la ciencia desde el ámbito corporativo, b) la crisis de los medios de comunicación nacionales y locales post Internet, c) el desarrollo de plataformas tecnológicas que han socializado la capacidad de publicar y distribuir contenidos a bajo coste, d) la crisis de los expertos con su consecuente crisis epistémica, e) los avances en psicología, para explotar las bases psicológicas de los desórdenes informativos, a través de diferentes sesgos cognitivos, y e) un cambio significativo en la forma de entender y ejercer el poder en el siglo XXI, como la capacidad de establecer las relaciones de definición (Beck, 2017) de la realidad misma. Los desórdenes informativos suponen una voluntad de autoridad sobre la realidad, en la práctica, una voluntad de supremacía ideológica, y un riesgo para las democracias liberales.
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