Who interacts with communicative AI and what attitudes are displayed toward it? Sociodemographic, personality, and futurephobia variables

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.sep.02

Palabras clave:

Artificial intelligence, AI, Communicative AI, Chatbots, Attitudes toward communicative AI, Use of communicative AI, Big five, Openness to experience, Futurephobia, Innovators, Early adopters, Technology, Surveys

Resumen

Communicative applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have burst into the lives of millions of people through products such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, or Replika, with the ability to generate texts and images and even understand natural language and socialize with humans. This study addresses attitudes toward communicative AI, as well as the sociodemographic and personality factors that are related to its positive perception and usage. For this purpose, we use data from a survey conducted at the end of February 2023 among adult residents in Spain (N = 821). Our results suggest that there is a slight predominance of negative attitudes toward communicative AI, which include cognitive and affective elements such as the perception of dehumanizing aspects and job-related threats, caution, or fear. However, a relevant portion of our respondents is not familiar with communicative AI or generalizes their answers toward other applications of AI. Individuals with higher educational level, greater openness to experience, and lower level of futurephobia show more positive attitudes toward these technologies. In terms of adoption, men, younger people, and those with more favorable attitudes toward AI are more likely to decide to use it, while those scoring higher in agreeableness tend to use it less frequently once they have decided to use it. We discuss these results under the premise that early adopters may play a central role in the attitudes of late majority and laggards, as well as in the future development of communicative AI and its regulatory framework. 

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Amichai-Hamburger, Yair; Ben-Artzi, Elisheva (2003). "Loneliness and Internet use". Computers in human behavior, v. 19, n. 1, pp. 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00014-6

Amichai-Hamburger, Yair; Wainapel, Galit; Fox, Shaul (2002). ""˜On the Internet no one knows I´m an introvert´: Extraversion, neuroticism, and Internet interaction". Cyberpsychology & behavior, v. 5, n. 2, pp. 125-128. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102753770507

Babbie, Earl (2007). The practice of social research (11th edition). Belmont, California: Thomson-Wadsworth. ISBN: 978 0 495 09325 1

Baker, Reg; Brick, J. Michael; Bates, Nancy A.; Battaglia, Mike; Couper, Mick P.; Dever, Jill A.; Gile, Krista J.; Tourangeau, Roger (2013). "Summary report of the AAPOR task force on non-probability sampling". Journal of survey statistics and methodology, v. 1, n. 2, pp. 90-143. https://doi.org/10.1093/jssam/smt008

Boulton, Aaron J.; Williford, Anne (2018). "Analyzing skewed continuous outcomes with many zeros: A tutorial for social work and youth prevention science researchers". Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, v. 9, n. 4, pp. 721-740. https://doi.org/10.1086/701235

Brewer, Paul R.; Bingaman, James; Paintsil, Ashley; Wilson, David C.; Dawson, Wyatt (2022). "Media use, interpersonal communication, and attitudes toward artificial intelligence". Science communication, v. 44, n. 5, pp. 559-592. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470221130307

Broussard, Meredith; Diakopoulos, Nicholas; Guzman, Andrea L.; Abebe, Rediet; Dupagne, Michel; Chuan, Ching-Hua (2019). "Artificial intelligence and journalism". Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 96, n. 3, pp. 673-695. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019859901

Chan-Olmsted, Sylvia M. (2019). "A review of artificial intelligence adoptions in the media industry". International journal on media management, v. 21, n. 3-4, pp. 193-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2019.1695619

Correa, Teresa; Hinsley, Amber-Willard; Gil de Zúñiga, Homero (2010). "Who interacts on the Web?: The intersection of users´ personality and social media use". Computers in human behavior, v. 26, n. 2, pp. 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.09.003

Dutton, William H.; Rogers, Everett M.; Jun, Suk-Ho (1987). "The diffusion and impacts of information technology in households" In: Zorkosczy, Peter I. Oxford surveys in information technology, v. 4. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 133-193. ISBN: 978 0 198590194

Eagly, Alice H.; Chaiken, Shelly (1993). The psychology of attitudes. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. ISBN: 978 0 155000971

El Paí­s (2023). "Los principales creadores de la IA alertan sobre el peligro de extinción que supone esta tecnologí­a para la humanidad". El Paí­s, May 30. https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2023-05-30/los-principales-creadores-de-la-ia-alertan-sobre-el-peligro-de-extincion-que-supone-esta-tecnologia-para-la-humanidad.html

European Commission (2017). Attitudes towards the impact of digitisation and automation on daily life. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2160

Garcí­a-Barnés, Héctor (2022). Futurofobia. Una generación atrapada entre la nostalgia y el apocalipsis. Barcelona: Plaza y Janés. ISBN: 978 8401028465

Gil de Zúñiga, Homero; Goyanes, Manuel; Durotoye, Timilehin (2023). "A scholarly definition of artificial intelligence (AI): advancing AI as a conceptual framework in communication research". [article submitted to Political communication]. Departamento de Derecho Público General, Universidad de Salamanca; Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicación, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.

Gosling, Samuel D.; Rentfrow, Peter J.; Swann Jr, William B. (2003). "A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains". Journal of research in personality, v. 37, n. 6, pp. 504-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1

Gunkel, David J. (2012). "Communication and artificial intelligence: opportunities and challenges for the 21st century". Communication +1, v. 1, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.7275/R5QJ7F7R

Guzman, Andrea L.; Lewis, Seth C. (2020). "Artificial intelligence and communication: A human-machine communication research agenda". New media & society, v. 22, n. 1, pp. 70-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819858691

Harari, Yuval-Noah (2015). Sapiens: A brief history of humankind. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN: 978 0 7710 3850 1

Hayes, Andrew F.; Cai, Li (2007). "Using heteroskedasticity-consistent standard error estimators in OLS regression: An introduction and software implementation". Behavior research methods, v. 39, n. 4, pp. 709-722. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192961

Hermann, Erik (2022). "Artificial intelligence and mass personalization of communication content. An ethical and literacy perspective". New media & society, v. 24, n. 5, pp. 1258-1277. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211022702

John, Oliver P.; Srivastava, Sanjay (1999). "The big-five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives". In: Pervin, Lawrence A.; John, Oliver P. Handbook of personality: theory and research. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 102-138. ISBN: 978 1 572306950

Johnson, Courtney; Tyson, Alec (2020). "People globally offer mixed views of the impact of artificial intelligence, job automation on society". Pew Research Center, December 15. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/12/15/people-globally-offer-mixed-views-of-the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-job-automation-on-society

Kantenbacher, Joseph; Miniard, Deidra; Geiger, Nathaniel; Yoder, Landon; Attari, Shahzeen Z. (2022). "Young adults face the future of the United States: Perceptions of its promise, perils, and possibilities". Futures, v. 139, 102951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.102951

Laukkanen, Tommi; Pasanen, Mika (2008). "Mobile banking innovators and early adopters: How they differ from other online users?". Journal of financial services marketing, v. 13, n. 2, pp. 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fsm.4760077

Lepri, Bruno; Oliver, Nuria; Pentland, Alex (2021). "Ethical machines: The human-centric use of artificial intelligence". iScience, v. 24, n. 3, 102249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102249

Lichtenthaler, Ulrich (2020). "Extremes of acceptance: employee attitudes toward artificial intelligence". Journal of business strategy, v. 41, n. 5, pp. 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBS-12-2018-0204

Lopezosa, Carlos; Codina, Lluí­s; Pont-Sorribes, Carles; Vállez, Mari (2023). "Use of generative artificial intelligence in the training of journalists: challenges, uses and training proposal". Profesional de la información, v. 32, n. 4. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.jul.08

Luka (2023). The AI companion who cares. Luka, Inc. https://replika.com

Maslej, Nestor; Fattorini, Loredana; Brynjolfsson, Erik; Etchemendy, John; Ligett, Katrina; Lyons, Terah; Manyika, James; Ngo, Helen; Niebles, Juan-Carlos; Parli, Vanessa; Shoham, Yoav; Wald, Russell; Clark, Jack; Perrault, Raymond (2023). The AI index 2023 annual report. AI Index Steering Committee, Institute for Human-Centered AI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. https://aiindex.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/HAI_AI-Index-Report_2023.pdf

McCrae, Robert R.; Costa, Paul T. (1987). "Validation of a five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers". Journal of personality and social psychology, v. 52, n. 1, pp. 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81

Mehdi, Yusuf (2023). "Announcing the next wave of AI innovation with Microsoft Bing and Edge." Microsoft, May 4. https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2023/05/04/announcing-the-next-wave-of-ai-innovation-with-microsoft-bing-and-edge

Morozov, Evgeny (2023). "The problem with artificial intelligence? It´s neither artificial nor intelligent". The Guardian, March 30. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/30/artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-human-mind

Nadelson, Louis; Jorcyk, Cheryl; Yang, Dazhi; Jarratt-Smith, Mary; Matson, Sam; Cornell, Ken; Husting, Virginia (2014). "I just don´t trust them: the development and validation of an assessment instrument to measure trust in science and scientists". School science and mathematics, v. 114, n. 2, pp. 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12051

Pastor, Javier (2023). "Ni Instagram, ni TikTok: ChatGPT ya es la plataforma que más rápido ha crecido en toda la historia de internet". Xataka, February 2. https://www.xataka.com/empresas-y-economia/instagram-tiktok-chatgpt-plataforma-que-rapido-ha-crecido-toda-historia-internet

Pavlik, John V. (2023). "Collaborating with ChatGPT: considering the implications of generative artificial intelligence for journalism and media education". Journalism & mass communication educator, v. 78, n. 1, pp. 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958221149577

Rogers, Everett M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. 5ª ed. New York: Free Press. ISBN: 978 0 743222099

Romero, Estrella; Villar, Paula; Gómez-Fraguela, José-Antonio; López-Romero, Laura (2012). "Measuring personality traits with ultra-short scales: A study of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) in a Spanish sample". Personality and individual differences, v. 53, n. 3, pp. 289-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.035

Ross, Craig; Orr, Emily S.; Sisic, Mia; Arseneault, Jaime M.; Simmering, Mary G.; Orr, R. Robert (2009). "Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use". Computers in human behavior, v. 25, n. 2, pp. 578-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.024

Sánchez-Holgado, Patricia; Arcila-Calderón, Carlos; Blanco-Herrero, David (2022). "Conocimiento y actitudes de la ciudadaní­a española sobre el big data y la inteligencia artificial". Icono 14, v. 20, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v21i1.1908

Tong, Anna (2023). "What happens when your AI chatbot stops loving you back?". Reuters, March 21. https://www.reuters.com/technology/what-happens-when-your-ai-chatbot-stops-loving-you-back-2023-03-18

Turing, Alan M. (1950). I.-Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, v. 59, n. 236, pp. 433-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433

YouGov (2021). International technology report: Automation & AI. https://business.yougov.com/sectors/technology/international-technology-report-2021

Young, Albert T.; Amara, Dominic; Bhattacharya, Abhishek; Wei, Maria L. (2021). "Patient and general public attitudes towards clinical artificial intelligence: a mixed methods systematic review". The lancet digital health, v. 3, n. 9, pp. e599-e611. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00132-1

Zaleski, Zbigniew (1996). "Future anxiety: Concept, measurement, and preliminary research". Personality and individual differences, v. 21, n. 2, pp. 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00070-0

Zhang, Baobao (2021). "Public opinion toward artificial intelligence". OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/284sm

Zhang, Baobao; Dafoe, Allan (2020). "U.S. public opinion on the governance of artificial intelligence". In: AIES 2020 - Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM conference on AI, ethics, and society, pp. 187-193. https://doi.org/10.1145/3375627.3375827

Publicado

2023-08-23

Cómo citar

Centeno-Martí­n, H., Toledano-Buendí­a, S., & Ardèvol-Abreu, A. (2023). Who interacts with communicative AI and what attitudes are displayed toward it? Sociodemographic, personality, and futurephobia variables. Profesional De La información, 32(5). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.sep.02

Número

Sección

Artificial Intelligence