The Internet, populism, and deliberative democracy: A panel study of 167 countries from 2000 to 2018
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.may.02Palabras clave:
Deliberative democracy, Internet, Populism, Panel data, Public sphere, Civil society, State institutions, Cross-nation, Deliberative system, Country-levelResumen
The wide adoption of the Internet gave rise to populism, which is regarded as a critical threat to deliberative democracy. This paper was a cross-national panel study to explore the Internet´s populist impacts on deliberative democracy. It had two specific objectives. One was to examine whether or to what extent Internet penetration has populist impacts on deliberative dimensions, including reasoned justification, common good, respectful counterarguments, range of consultation, and engaged society. The other was to examine how Internet penetration moderates a country´s formal deliberative process, referring to the interaction among state institutions, the public sphere, and civil society. Using data from Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) and the United Nations, we run panel analyses with a sample of 3,173 units in 167 countries from 2000 to 2018. The results showed that Internet penetration increased calls for the common good, disrespected counterarguments, narrowed the range of consultation, and expanded engagement in public deliberation. In addition, Internet penetration strengthened the effects of public sphere on reasoned justification and range of consultation, but weakened the effects of civil society on reasoned justification, common good, respectful counterarguments, and range of consultation.
Descargas
Citas
Abts, Koen; Rummens, Stefan (2007). "Populism versus democracy". Political studies, v. 55, n. 2, pp. 405-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00657.x
Bí¤chtiger, Andre; Dryzek, John; Mansbridge, Jane; Warren, Mark (2018). The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 0 198747369 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.001.0001
Brown, Mark (2018). "Deliberation and representation". In: Bí¤chtiger, Andre; Dryzek, John; Mansbridge, Jane; Warren, Mark. The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 171-186. ISBN: 978 0 198747369 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.001.0001
Caiani, Manuela; Graziano, Paolo (2016). "Varieties of populism: Insights from the Italian case". Italian political science review, v. 46, n. 2, pp. 243-267. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00657.x
Canovan, Margaret (1999). "Trust the people! Populism and the two faces of democracy". Political studies, v. 47, n. 1, pp. 2-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00184
Castells, Manuel (1996). The rise of the network society. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN: 978 1 405196864 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444319514
Chadwick, Andrew (2013). The hybrid media system: Politics and power. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 1 99759477 https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199759477.001.0001
Conover, Michael; Ratkiewicz, Jacob; Francisco, Matthew; Goncalves, Bruno; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro (2011). "Political polarization on Twitter". Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on web and social media, v. 5, n. 1, pp. 89-96. https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/14126
Coppedge, Michael; Gerring, John; Knutsen, Carl; Lindberg, Staffan; Teorell, Jan; Marquardt, Kyle; Medzihorsky, Juraj; Pemstein, Daniel; Pernes, Josefine; Von-Rí¶mer, Johannes; Stepanova, Natalia; Tzelgov, Eitan; Wang, Yi-ting; Wilson, Steven L. (2019a). "V-Dem methodology v9". Varieties of democracy (V-Dem) project. https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/2b/e8/2be80341-348e-453e-b766-e74f314155d2/v-dem_methodology_v9.pdf
Coppedge, Michael; Gerring, John; Knutsen, Carl; Lindberg, Staffan; Teorell, Jan; Altman, David; Bernhard, Michael; Fish, Steven; Glynn, Adam; Hicken, Allen; Lí¼hrmann Anna; Marquardt, Kyle; McMann, Kelly; Paxton, Pamela; Pemstein, Daniel; Seim, Brigitte; Sigman, Rachel; Skaaning, Svend-Erik; Staton, Jeffrey; Cornell, Agnes; Gastaldi, Lisa; Gjerlí¸w, Haakon; Mechkova, Valeriya; Von-Rí¶mer, Johannes; Sundtrí¶m, Aksel; Tzelgov, Eitan; Uberti, Luca; Wang, Yi-ting; Wig, Tore; Ziblatt, Daniel (2019b). "V-Dem codebook v9". Varieties of democracy (V-Dem) project. https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/e6/d2/e6d27595-9d69-4312-b09f-63d2a0a65df2/v-dem_codebook_v9.pdf
Curato, Nicole; Steiner, Jí¼rg (2018). "Deliberative democracy and comparative democratization studies". In: Bí¤chtiger, Andre; Dryzek, John; Mansbridge, Jane; Warren, Mark. The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 490-501. ISBN: 978 0 198747369 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.001.0001
Dányi, Endre; Sí¼kí¶sd, Miklós (2003). "Who´s in control? Viral politics and control crisis in mobile election campaigns". In: Kristóf Nyíri. Mobile democracy: Essays on society, self, and politics. Vienna: Passagen Verlag. pp. 285-316. ISBN: 3 85165 618 0
Dryzek, John (2009). "Democratization as deliberative capacity building". Comparative political studies, v. 42, n. 11, pp. 1379-1402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009332129
Dryzek, John; Hendriks, Carolyn (2012). "Fostering deliberation in the forum and beyond". In: Fischer Frank; Gottweis Herbert. The argumentative turn revisited: Public policy as communicative practice. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 31-57. ISBN: 978 0 8223 9536 2 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smfm4.4
Elstub, Stephen (2018). "Deliberative and participatory democracy". In: Bí¤chtiger, Andre; Dryzek, John; Mansbridge, Jane; Warren, Mark. The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 187-202. ISBN: 978 0 198747369 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.001.0001
Engesser, Sven; Fawzi, Nayla; Larsson, Anders Olof (2017). "Populist online communication: introduction to the special issue". Information, communication & society, v. 20, n. 9, pp. 1279-1292. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328525
Esser, Frank; Strí¶mbí¤ck, Jesper (2014). Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN: 978 1 137 42597 3 https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137275844
Fawcett, Paul; Flinders, Matthew; Hay, Colin; Wood, Matthew (2017). Anti-politics, depoliticization, and governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978 1 98748977 https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748977.001.0001
Flaxman, Seth; Goel, Sharad; Rao, Justin (2016). "Filter bubbles, echo chambers, and online news consumption". Public opinion quarterly, v. 80, n. S1, pp. 298-320. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfw006
Gutmann, Amy; Thompson, Dennis (2004). Why deliberative democracy? Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978 0 691120195 https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400826339
Habermas, Jí¼rgen (2006). "Political communication in media society: Does democracy still enjoy an epistemic dimension? The impact of normative theory on empirical research". Communication theory, v. 16, n. 4, pp. 411-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00280.x
Habermas, Jí¼rgen (2009). Europe: The faltering project. Cambridge, UK: Polity. ISBN: 978 0 745 69467 2
Hameleers, Michael; Bos, Linda; De Vreese, Claes (2016). "They did it: The effects of emotionalized blame attribution in populist communication". Communication research, v. 44, n. 6, pp. 870-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650216644026
Hsiao, Cheng (2005). "Why panel data?". The Singapore economic review, v. 50, n. 2, pp. 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217590805001937
Jagers, Jan; Walgrave, Stefaan (2007). "Populism as political communication style: An empirical study of political parties´ discourse in Belgium". European journal of political research, v. 46, n. 3, pp. 319-345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x
Krí¤mer, Benjamin (2014). "Media populism: A conceptual clarification and some theses on its effects". Communication theory, v. 24, n. 1, pp. 42-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12029
Kriesi, Hanspeter (2014). "The populist challenge". West European politics, v. 37, n. 2, pp. 361-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.887879
Kruikemeier, Sanne; Van-Noort, Guda; Vliegenthart, Rens; De-Vreese, Claes (2013). "Getting closer: The effects of personalized and interactive online political communication". European journal of communication, v. 28, n. 1, pp. 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323112464837
Kuyper, Jonathan (2018). "The instrumental value of deliberative democracy - Or, do we have good reasons to be deliberative democrats?". Journal of public deliberation, v. 14, n. 1, pp. 1-33. https://doi.org/10.16997/jdd.291
Lash, Scott (2002). Critique of information. London: Sage. ISBN: 0 7619 5269 1
Maia, Rousiley (2018). "Deliberative media". In: Bí¤chtiger, Andre; Dryzek, John; Mansbridge, Jane; Warren, Mark. The Oxford handbook of deliberative democracy. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 348-364. ISBN: 978 0 198747369 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.001.0001
Manin, Bernard (1987). "On legitimacy and political deliberation". Political theory, v. 15, n. 3, pp. 338-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591787015003005
Mansbridge, Jane (1999). "Everyday talk in the deliberative system". In: Macedo, Stephen. Deliberative political essays on democracy and disagreement. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 211-239. ISBN: 978 0 195131994
Mansbridge, Jane; Bohman, James; Chambers, Simone; Christiano, Thomas; Fung, Archon; Parkinson, John; Thompson, Dennis; Warren, Mark (2012). "A systemic approach to deliberative democracy". In: Parkinson, John; Mansbridge Jane. Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-26. ISBN: 1 107 23209 0 https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139178914.002
Moffitt, Benjamin; Tormey, Simon (2014). "Rethinking populism: Politics, mediatisation and political style". Political studies, v. 62, n. 2, pp. 381-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12032
Mudde, Cas; Kaltwasser, Cristóbal-Rovira (2018). "Studying populism in comparative perspective: Reflections on the contemporary and future research agenda". Comparative political studies, v. 51, n. 13, pp. 1667-1693. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414018789490
Rasmussen, Terje (2016). The Internet soapbox: Perspectives on a changing public sphere. Norwegian: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN: 978 82 15 02717 3
Rishel, Nicole (2011). "Digitizing deliberation normative concerns for the use of social media in deliberative democracy". Administrative theory & praxis, v. 33, n. 3, pp. 411-432. https://doi.org/10.2753/ATP1084-1806330305
Rowe, Ian (2015). "Civility 2.0: A comparative analysis of incivility in online political discussion". Information, communication, & society, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 121-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.940365
Schudson, Michael (2006). "New technologies and not-so-new democracies". Media & politics, v. 22, n. 40, pp. 6-14. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v22i40.1284
Steenbergen, Marco; Bí¤chtiger, André; Spí¶rndli, Markus; Steiner, Jí¼rg (2003). "Measuring deliberation. A discourse quality index". Comparative European politics, v. 1, n. 1, pp. 21-48. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cep.6110002
Stromer-Galley, Jennifer (2007). "Measuring deliberation´s content: A coding scheme". Journal of public deliberation, v. 3, n. 1, pp. 1-35. https://doi.org/10.16997/jdd.50
Sunstein, Cass (2009). Republic.com 2.0. New Haven: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978 0 691133560 https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=l0ZP0gWzFccC
Urbinati, Nadia (2006). Representative democracy: Principles and genealogy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978 0 226842790
Vaccari, Cristian; Valeriani, Augusto (2015). "Follow the leader! Direct and indirect flows of political communication during the 2013 Italian general election campaign". New media & society, v. 17, n. 7, pp. 1025-1042. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444813511038
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Condiciones de difusión de los artículos una vez son publicados
Los autores pueden publicitar libremente sus artículos en webs, redes sociales y repositorios
Deberán respetarse sin embargo, las siguientes condiciones:
- Solo deberá hacerse pública la versión editorial. Rogamos que no se publiquen preprints, postprints o pruebas de imprenta.
- Junto con esa copia ha de incluirse una mención específica de la publicación en la que ha aparecido el texto, añadiendo además un enlace clicable a la URL: http://revista.profesionaldelainformacion.com
La revista Profesional de la información ofrece los artículos en acceso abierto con una licencia Creative Commons BY.
