Polarización política y medios de comunicación, su impacto en la democracia y en la sociedad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.nov.22Resumen
Este artículo examina la relación entre la polarización política y los medios de comunicación en la sociedad contemporánea. La polarización se ha convertido en un fenómeno prevalente en muchos países, caracterizado por la creciente división de opiniones y actitudes extremas entre diferentes grupos políticos. Los medios de comunicación, como actores clave en la difusión de información y la formación de la opinión pública, desempeñan un papel fundamental en la perpetuación o mitigación de este proceso. Este trabajo presenta una conceptualización del fenómeno y examina su vinculación con la situación mediática, estableciendo su origen y también sus consecuencias: la segmentación de audiencias, el sensacionalismo o el sesgo mediático. Asimismo, se realiza una aproximación a la inteligencia artificial, el análisis de datos, la personalización de los mensajes, los chatbots o los algoritmos como agentes influyentes en el crecimiento de la polarización política. Los efectos de la polarización afectan a la sociedad en su consumo de medios y al propio funcionamiento de la democracia. La fragmentación informativa, la creciente desconfianza hacia los medios, el absentismo en la vida política son algunas de las consecuencias más significativas. De ahí que en este artículo se aborden las posibles soluciones y estrategias para fomentar un discurso público más constructivo y menos polarizado.
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